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Breast Cancer is a serious disease and should not be taken lightly. It affects many elderly women and may easily spread or even lead to death. Breast cancer is a cancer that originates in the breast. It is the second leading cause of death in women, following lung cancer. It is certainly something you would not want to take lightly.
There are many risk factors in breast cancer; however, these risk factors are not necessarily the causes of breast cancer. The number one risk factor for breast cancer is simply the fact of being a woman. Other risk factors that are uncontrollable include; an early menstrual cycle (before the age of twelve), late menopause (after the age of fifty), getting older, having a mother daughter or sister who has had breast cancer, having the mutated breast cancer genes BRCA1 or BRCA, never being pregnant, or postponing childbirth until after 0 years of age.
On the other hand, there are many risk factors that can be controlled, or prevented with breast cancer. These include; having more than one drink of alcohol per day, taking birth control pills for five years or longer, not getting exercise, currently or recently using some form of hormone replacement therapy for ten years or longer, being over weight or gaining weight as an adult, and being exposed to large amounts of radiation.
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Like all cancers, breast cancers result from changes in the structure or function of genes. These genes are key to the regulation of cellular growth, differentiation, or repair. About 5% of women with breast cancer have an inherited susceptibility to the disease, and most of these women have an inherited mutation in one of two genes.
In 14 it was discovered that women who inherit a mutated BRCA1 gene have almost 85% chance of developing uterine cancer. BRCA1 normally acts to prevent tumors by repairing the damaged genetic material, caused by oxidation. Oxidation is a chemical process in the body that occurs naturally during metabolism. However, a defective BRCA1 gene cannot repair this damage. This allows its effects to accumulate over time. These cells may also become cancerous if they have oxidative damage to the genes that control their growth.
The defective gene can be inherited by either parent, but appears to cause breast cancer only in women. Many young women who develop breast cancer come from families that carry a mutated BRCA1 gene. Another gene named BRCA has also been identified. This gene is associated with both female and male breast cancers.
Breast cancer is a cancer that originates in the breast. Breast cancers can arise in the lobes or lobules (lobular carcinoma). Lobular carcinoma often affects both breasts. The other breast cancer may arise in the ducts (ductal carcinoma) of the breast.
When checking for breast cancers there are many things to look for. First you should check for any lumps on either one of the breasts. Second you should check for thickening, swelling, or dimpling; skin irritation or scaliness, or pain. Finally, you should check for a discharge or tenderness of the nipple, or a change in the shape or color of the breasts.
All women with breast cancer should consult with a medical oncologist to determine their specific needs with treatment. There are two main types of breast cancer treatment local and systemic. Having a surgery done, or going through radiation therapy are local treatments. Chemotherapy and hormone therapy are systemic treatments. Even though there are two different types of treatments for breast cancer, the two are often used together to provide the best chance of recovery.
Most women prefer to have a surgical excision of the tumor. This treatment preserves as much tissue as possible for both functional and cosmetic reasons. This means that they would have to do either a lumpectomy, which is a simple excision of only the cancerous tumor, or a mastectomy. The mastectomy is when there is an excision of part or all of the breast tissue.
Many women who have had a mastectomy decide to have breast reconstructive surgery, which is done with breast implants. Women who have had the surgery experience chronic, progressive pain, numbness, and weakness in the affected area.
Monthly self-examinations and regular mammograms are the recommended methods of staying cancer free. There is also a recent drug called tamoxifen, which can prevent cancer in women considered at high risk for the disease. This just goes to show that everyday doctors are finding new solutions and ways of beating breast cancer. After all, there is always hope no matter what!!
REFERENCES
Y., Hirshaut and P.I. Pressman. Breast Cancer [online] Available http//www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/AO86850.html
"Breast Cancer" [Online] Available from http//www.komen.org/bhealth/Treatment.html
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