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Nonverbal Communication
Beginning as early as childbirth, nonverbal communication has always remained a heavy influence on the way we interpret certain behaviors. Verbal communication alone could never completely convey any message accurately without any misinterpretation. For this reason, communicating nonverbally is a key element in any relationship, especially any business or professional relationship (since every relationship is built on communication).
Definition
"Not to watch a person's mouth but his fists," was the advice of the 16th century religious reformer, Martin Luther. This was an early attempt at identifying nonverbal communication as an essential factor in understanding. Coined during the 0th century, the term nonverbal communication includes many features such as touch, smell, clothing, vocal features, facial expression, gaze, posture, and interpersonal distance. It is usually unique to each individual and is very difficult to study because it can be unconscious and unintentional. Film and videotape are the most common methods of research since they allow for repeated viewing and comparison.
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Distinguishing Characteristics
Nonverbal behavior communicates emotion and interpersonal relationships and is considered very distinct from speech, although the two are very closely connected. Body language is not an alternative to speech, but the two actually work together as equally influential parts in communication. For example, hand and facial gestures can be seen as visible acts of meaning just as both written and spoken words are audible acts of meaning.
Advantages
An advantage of using nonverbal communication is that it may be more suitable than words for some situations; it might be quicker or easier to point to an object than describe it. Body movement is also handy when the use of speech is not necessarily appropriate. It is also more visible and a more effective approach when trying to capture another's attention before initiating or entering into a conversation.
Body Language
Body language is only one of the more obvious forms of nonverbal communication and involves communication through body movements such as physical gestures, posture, interpersonal distance, and touch. It reveals the part of your inner character that is not as easily revealed through your appearance. Emotions like fear, nervousness, frustration, honesty, and joy, whether you intend them to be obvious or not, can be easily read through your habitual body gestures.
First Impressions
Of course making a great first impression is important, and this is why much of your attention should not only be focused on what you say, but also on your body language. It is one of the first things an interviewer will notice. The messages you send through your body language could either get you or cost you your dream job. As explained by _________ in his book "Reading People"
…Once people have formed an opinion about someone else, they resist changing
their mind. It sometimes takes months or even years to get past a first impression
and more accurately see the complex patterns of a person's behavior.
Appearance
Two initial observations are made when someone is assessing your personality and behavior, and those are your appearance and your body gestures. Hygiene is an important part of your appearance, and poor hygiene is one that you should try to avoid at any cost. People with poor hygiene are not only unattractive, but make it obvious that they are oblivious to the effect they have on others, indicating self-centeredness or even a lack of common sense. It also reveals insensitiveness and laziness since they do not seem to want to make an effort at making a good impression on anyone else.
Tastefulness, a second observation in your appearance, leads one to conclude that you have good judgment, an awareness of societal norms, and some level of sophistication with a sensitivity to your image and the opinions of others. You always want any potential employer or client to know that you care what they think of you. This helps you to gain their respect in congruence with their attention.
Gestures
Aside from appearance, the gestures you make portray even more of your personality. While in conversation with someone, your angular distance reveals much information about your level of comfort. Your upper body aims at those you like (and are comfortable with) and aims away from those you do not like. Aiming away either makes you look afraid, uninterested, or unfriendly.
The "arm-cross" is yet another habitual and seemingly unavoidable trait. It is a defensive barrier sign, but in some cases can be confused with arrogance. Defensiveness is the first trait you might want to steer away from, especially in professional situations, because you never want your nervousness or frustration to become obvious. Crossing of the legs, arms, and ankles easily suggests that someone is in a defensive mode. Other indications of defensiveness include clenching teeth or lips, averting eyes, squaring your body toward the other individual, and quick exhaling.
A sense of confidence and leadership is usually an overall factor in what ultimately will land someone a job. You do not necessarily have to be loud or outspoken to show confidence. Positioning an appropriate distance while either talking or listening, maintaining a self-assured smile, demonstrating a firm handshake, walking (almost striding) with confidence, holding an erect posture, and squaring your body to the listener are only a few hints at projecting a sense of confidence and leadership.
Facial Expressions
Even more revealing than the signals that your body as a whole send are the expressions observed on one's face. Although not all facial expressions are readily visible, all expressions have the power to either positively or negatively reinforce spoken words. They are not always voluntary and are difficult to avoid and to fake.
The eyes probably receive, interpret, and send more information than any other facial feature. Social acceptance is achieved by studying the eyes of others. People have the tendency of looking longer and more often at those they trust and so is more evident with people we like.
Tone of Voice
Communication with words is what places us above and beyond the animal kingdom (in terms of communication), but there are many instances when we communicate more effectively using nonverbal communication. Even in studies it has been suggested that only 7 percent of a message is sent through words and the remaining percent through facial expressions and vocal intonation. The fluctuation and intensity of the tone of your voice influences the interpretation of what is being said. Because of this influence, you are capable of putting emphasis on certain words and can, therefore, create a variety of meanings.
Interpersonal Space
There are four general zones of space that you should keep in mind when involving yourself in conversation or any other type of everyday communication. These zones include intimate, personal, social, and public. The intimate zone is the one that you should always be most cautious of since it is the one most easily invaded. The public zone consists of a distance measuring between 1 and 5 feet in circumstances involving one-way communication such as those created by lecturers. Unwanted or unexpected invasion of these zones could create a great barrier against communication.
We examine and interpret almost every one of these nonverbal traits everyday as we involve ourselves even in casual conversation. The objective of this report is not only to make you aware of these traits and how they are either being used in favor of or against you, but it is also meant to be used as a tool in helping you send the appropriate messages, especially in professionally challenging situations. It is definitely important that you understand the effect that the signals you unconsciously send have on the interpretation of what you say. You should also know that it is possible to in a sense "make up" for what is lacking in your verbal skills by perfecting your nonverbal skills, however difficult that task might be. Verbal communication may be the primary source of information that those you interact with make use of, but it is the nonverbal communication that creates the actual meaning of all spoken language.
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