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Christmas Traditions and Beliefs
The history of Christmas dates back over 4000 years. Many of our Christmas traditions were celebrated centuries before the Christ child was born. The 1 days of Christmas, the bright fires, the yule log, the giving of gifts, carnivals (parades) with floats, carollers who sing while going from house to house, the holiday feasts, and the church processions can all be traced back to the early Mesopotamians.
Many of these traditions began with the Mesopotamian celebration of Section New Years. The Mesopotamians believed in many gods, and as their chief god - Marduk. Each year as winter arrived it was believed that Marduk would do battle with the monsters of chaos. To assist Marduk in his struggle the Mesopotamians held a festival for the New Year. This was Zagmuk, the New Years festival that lasted for 1 days.Cheap Custom Essays on Christmas and how it is celebrated from a marketing approach
Not too many people are aware of the Mesopotamian celebrations, but are familiar with the 'Christian Christmas'.
Christmas, which takes it name from Christs Mass, was first celebrated on various dates from about 00 A.D. but was finally set on December 5 by Bishop Liberus of Rome in 54 A.D. The December date, which almost coincides with the winter solstice, became a popular festival of West Europe during the Middle Ages. But as late as the nineteenth century, Christmas celebration was suppressed in Scotland and New England because of some religious differences.
All Christian nations have traditions, which have become a part of the Christmas season. For example, England has contributed the decorations of holly and mistletoe, carolling and gift giving. The Christmas tree is a medieval German tradition and the immortal carol Silent Night also comes from Germany. The United States first made Santa Claus popular in New York, popularised the Christmas card about 1846 and made the major contribution to commercialising Christmas.
How Christmas is Celebrated in New Zealand
The New Zealand Christmas tree is called Pohutukawa and its flowers are a brilliant scarlet throughout the Christmas season. Since Christmas occurs in summer, we do not have a tradition of snow and ice. That, however, doesnt stop Santa who still visits the cities and towns while dressed in his red and white outfit.
Small towns and suburban areas have Santa parades where community groups proudly display brightly decorated floats. It is not always hot enough in the early summer to have Christmas dinner on the beach (February is usually the hottest month). Many people follow the old English traditions and have turkey and plum pudding, but these are often served with cold salads. Sometimes the traditional dinner is cooked on the barbecue outside and may include a whole variety of typical Kiwi treats, such as lamb chops, along with the usual Christmas fare.
Because so many people from the Northern hemisphere now live in New Zealand, it has become the tradition to have two Christmases, one on the 5th of December and the other in July, which is mid-winter. Many hotels, restaurants and homes put on the full Christmas celebration, complete with tree, gifts and of course all the foods which were just too heavy to serve in the heat of summer. In many of the small towns Santa visits all the children on Christmas morning riding on a fire engine. They hear him coming because the siren warns them to come out of their homes and stand by the road so he can toss candy to them.
A Maori tradition is to have a traditional Hangi. This is essentially a big hole in the ground that is heated with hot rocks placed in it. Its filled up with baskets of food, covered and then allowed to cook underground. By the time the food comes out, everyone is anxiously waiting for the tender pork, chicken, kumara, pumpkin, potatoes and stuffing. Its been said that there is nothing to compare with the total bliss of the taste of food from a hangi, delicately smoked and melt-in-the-mouth soft. Usually the hangi is served in the late afternoon or early evening. After the meal, folks often sit around singing carols, as it gets dark.
All the traditions are well in place; decorations in houses, shops, and streets. They are all snow themed and winter orientated.
Christmas is the best time of year for families and friends to get together. We sit outside in deckchairs on Christmas day waiting for the family to arrive, swapping gifts and then move indoors for a traditional Christmas meal.
Section
My Interviewees were family friends or friends of mine, and aged around my parents generation or my generation. I tried to interview people who's country of origin were not New Zealand, so I would be able to find out how other cultures celebrated Christmas to see whether their traditions and beliefs were any different.
Two of my Interviewees were both aged forty-four, one from Italy and the other from Sweden. They both have lived here for over ten years so they would be able to make comparisons on the difference in celebrations. These two ladies were easily approached as I knew them, I simply rang them and asked if the next time they came round to visit I could interview them. They were both happy to accept the offer, one of them even came round the same night I called her just so she would be able to answer my questions. These interviews were conducted in a quiet place
The other two interviewees were friends of mine, they were aged nineteen and twenty-two, they were easily approached as one of them was my best friend who is Dutch, the other is also a friend who is French. I was able to conduct the interviews with them anytime I wanted it just involved me going round to where they lived. These interviews were taken very informally with many other people around and with music playing in the background.
Section
Findings
I found that different cultures have different traditional rituals at Christmas time and there is variation in the way gifts are given. Even though all my interviewees were from Europe and their countries of origin were all closely associated doesn't mean that their beliefs are closely related. For example
New Zealand - on Christmas eve we hang Christmas stockings above the fire place and put milk and cookies on the ground hoping that Santa Clause will come down the chimney and have a snack and leave some gifts and candy in our stockings
France - on Christmas Eve, you put empty shoes on the doorstep or by the fireplace. It is said that The Christ Child will come during the night and put gifts in them.
Netherlands - you put hay and sugar inside a shoe on the night before Saint Nicholas Day. Saint Nicholas horse will eat the hay and sugar when they stop at your house. After the horse eats, Saint Nicholas repays you by filling your shoes with candy and tiny gifts.
Italy - you get your gifts in a large jar, called the Urn of Fate. It is said that a fairy queen fly's down the chimney and fills each jar with gifts and goodies on Epiphany instead of Christmas.
Sweden - at Christmas time you might hear a thump at your front door or wake up the next morning to find gifts. Itll just be the old man and woman who go about on the night before Christmas throwing gifts inside childrens front doors. No one in Sweden has ever found out who they are.
There is a different person or the same person with a different name who delivers the gifts in the countries
New Zealand Santa Clause
France Christ Child
Netherlands Saint Nicholas
Italy Queen Fairy
Sweden Anonymous old Man and Woman
Christmas shopping is a major part of Christmas, I wanted to find out whether people do their shopping early or leave it to the last minute, two of my interviewees preferred to shop early and the other two late, here are some reasons
Why they shop Late
· Too busy decorating and cooking
· Waiting for the holiday sales
· Dont like to shop
· Waiting for the crowds to die down
· Waiting for their holiday bonus
Why they shop Early
· Because retailers have their best selections and sales on the most desirable gifts early in the season, not the week before Christmas.
· Because salespeople at the stores are fresher, less exhausted, and more cheerful than when there are too many customers for them to handle in a reasonable manner.
· Because shopping when the stores are less busy saves time and makes it less of a chore.
Its true that stores do have sales the week of Christmas, but usually this is on categories of merchandise. Frequently the stock has been picked over, making it harder to find the right gift.
If shoppers are willing to wait until after Christmas, there are generally great clearance sales even if the selection is thin. This tactic can be a true money saver for families who get together for the holidays in January, but it does nothing for waking up with presents under the tree on Christmas day. These after Christmas sales are best for getting a jump on cards, decorations, and gift-wrap for the next holiday season.
If a shopper love crowds, shopping the last full weekend before Christmas is ideal. Just recommend that they be prepared to wait for a parking space for a while.
It seems that when purchasing Christmas gifts for family people try to find something special and use extensive research to find a suitable gift. It may even take days to find the right gift but it's worth getting it because of the satisfaction that is gained by watching your loved ones open their presents and by how much they appreciate the gifts.
When purchasing gifts for friends it seems like people use limited research and don't really put much thought into their purchase, they take the first good that satisfies their need of a suitable gift.
Parents tend to spend roughly $150-$400 on other family members and about $0-$100 on friends. The spouse will usually spend about $0-$100 on other family members and don't tend to buy gifts for friends and if they did would only spend $5-$0.
Most people learn about Christmas as children growing up, they learn that Christmas is a time for celebration and a time for giving and sharing, they know that there is a mysterious figure who delivers them gifts in the night but they grow up to realise the figure was fictional and the person delivering the gifts was actually their parents.
Gift purchasers are aware of the marketing devices and ploys that retailers use, they are especially aware of the handouts (junk mail) that invade the letterbox at Christmas time, they are aware of the Christmas themed and decorated shops, aware of Christmas specials, and aware of the increased Christmas themed advertisements on T.V. and radio.
New Zealand is way off the pace as far as involvement in Christmas rituals goes, people notice a lack of Christmas symbols such as all the decorations, mistletoes, candles and others. The community gets involved with the carols by candle light and Christmas Parades, however the individual efforts are well below international standards, there is lack of household decorations and Christmas lights. Overseas households are intimately involved in decorating their houses with coloured lights and themed decorations.
Some people from other countries notice the summer weather at Christmas time being something out of the ordinary, they are used to snow, chilly weather and warm clothes. Snow is a Christmas theme and New Zealand doesn't get any of that in the middle of summer, its common for retail stores to have spray on snow in their front windows to attract Christmas shoppers because they associate the snow with Christmas.
Section 4
Marketing Opportunity Christmas Decoration Store
With the huge popularity overseas of decorated households, I would like to see that trend implemented over here. A Christmas Decoration Store specialising in Christmas themed decorations for houses or buildings. The target market will be household owners, and business owners.
Advertisements on T.V. showing overseas houses, consumers would see these houses and maybe want their house to look like the one on T.V. A trend could easily start with higher involvement in decorating houses. A online store would be necessary to make products available to other parts of the country and could be used for promotional purposes.
The only competition I could think of is the Kircaldies Christmas shop, although it specialises in mainly small and tree decorations.
A big draw back is that the Christmas store would only be open for one month of the year at Christmas time.
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