Wlad's Sample Essay

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Wlad's Sample Essay. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Wlad's Sample Essay paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Wlad's Sample Essay, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Wlad's Sample Essay paper at affordable prices !

Charles Robert Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, England, on February 1th 180. During the course of his life, he has written almost twenty books; "On the Origin of Species" being his most famous one. Charles published it in 185, long after the return from his voyage in 186.

His father Robert was a prosperous physician and his paternal grandfather Erasmus was both a physician and a renowned nature writer. As a young boy, Darwin developed an interest in natural history but studied medicine in Edinburgh. He despised medicine and showed no interest in theological studies later at Cambridge where he was preparing to become a clergyman. He did, nonetheless, become acquainted with a botany professor, the Rev. John Henslow, who encouraged Darwin to take an extended sea voyage and exploration of the world outside of England. Charles Darwin made use of this opportunity and became expedition naturalist and gentlemens companion to Captain Robert Fitzroy, on the HMS Beagle. The ship set sail on December 181. The voyage was intended to last three years but it extended to five, and Darwin was thrilled as he circumnavigated the world, spending over three years of the five exploring the coastline, flora and fauna of southern South America. He wrote down a lot of his keen observations and upon returning to England, he arranged his notes and read voraciously in all fields of science, filling notebook after notebook with his insights.

While still on the voyage he challenged Lyells view of the formation of coral reefs by volcanic action. Darwin contended that the reefs were part of a process of gradual changes in the Earths crust resulting from the subsidence of some landmasses and corresponding elevations elsewhere. He explained that coral, which only grows in shallow waters, forms a reef by building up on the seafloor as the floor subsides. He predicted that if a whole island sank below the oceans surface, and the coral continued to grow, a reef would turn into an atoll around a lagoon. Lyell was convinced and supported Darwins reinterpretation, which deep-sea borings in the 0th century have confirmed.

Darwins geologic ponderings were important for geology and to his scientific development. Many of the rocks he examined contained fossils, and his constant exposure to the evidence of extinct species and the similarity of many of them to living species kept one problem at the fore By what mechanism did new species replace extinct ones? Buy custom Wlad's Sample Essay term paper

During the voyage Darwin developed confidence in his own observations as well as the ability to grasp a problem and work at it steadily. The isolation of the voyage, combined with the exposure to new phenomena, taught him to think for himself within the familiar scientific culture of his time. He developed a rare combination of strengths a dedication to careful fact gathering and a propensity to theorize about the facts. His geologic pondering on a continental scale encouraged him to search for universal laws. The voyage of the Beagle transformed Darwin into an independent and adventurous scientist who had the courage to embrace the heretical idea of the transmutation of species.

Finally, in 188, he put his ideas together in what eventually became his theory of evolutionary change and the origin of species by a process of natural selection. He expanded these ideas into a 5-page paper and then into a longer 0-page paper, in 184 and 1844, respectively. However, he did not publish his ideas at this time, apparently intending to keep working to produce a larger, more impressive book.

In 18 he married his cousin Emma Wedgewood. They had ten children together, seven of which survived to adulthood. After living several years in London they moved to a country house at Downe in Kent about 16 miles from the outskirts of London. Darwin never again left the British Isles and rarely traveled far from Down House. Charles' poor health had a major influence on his life as he was plagued by a chronic illness called Chagas's disease, whose symptoms troubled him daily. In 1858, Darwin received a package from Indonesia containing an essay written by written by the young English naturalist Alfred Russell Wallace with an outline of a theory nearly identical to his own. Although both men are credited with the theory of natural selection, priority for the idea of natural selection is undisputedly given to Darwin because he had recorded his ideas to paper in 188 when Wallace was still a teenager. "On The Origin of Species" was published in 185 and became an instant best seller despite the fact that it contradicted religious beliefs such as natural theology. After Darwin had written down his ideas in his long paper of 1844 he was stricken with bouts of bad health and several tragedies in his personal life. He also spent 8 years working on his barnacle monographs an accomplishment, which made him the worlds leading authority on barnacles. These events were responsible for some of his delay in writing about natural selection in "On The Origin of Species".

The idea of organic evolution was not new. It had been suggested a generation earlier by Erasmus Darwin and in France by Buffon, Montesquieu, Maupertuis, Diderot, and most recently Lamarck. Lamarck had drawn the first evolutionary diagram--a ladder leading from unicellular organisms to man. But none of these earlier evolutionists had presented either a mechanism or persuasive evidence for the process. Lamarck offered the hypothesis that spontaneous generation occurs constantly, that organisms possess an inner feeling toward perfection, and that the traits an animal acquires to adapt to a changing environment are passed on to its descendants.

Though lack of an apparent mechanism of inheritance eventually prompted him to accept the latter idea, Darwins theory was rooted in direct observation and an attempt to discover universal laws. His evolutionary sketch was a branching tree, not a single ladder. Above all, Darwin rejected the prevailing view that organisms are perfectly adapted to their environment. He viewed the natural world, instead, as caught in a never-ending struggle between competing individuals that have different degrees of fitness. Others had seen struggles but always between species, never within them. By moving the battle from interspecies struggles to intraspecies competition, Darwin introduced the concept of populations--that is, localized groups consisting of members of a given species in which each individual differs from its sibling. He recognized that it is the competition within a species leading to the survival of individuals with advantageous traits that eventually brings about the evolution of a new species.

In 1871 his book "The Descent of Man" was published, in which he argued that humans were no different from all other forms of life, and that we too, in our evolutionary history, have been influenced by the forces of natural selection. This is an idea that was not even touched upon in "The Origin of Species". Then, in "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals", published in 187, he boldly claimed that the expression of our emotions also reflected our evolutionary past.

In On the Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants (1875) Darwin advanced an adaptive explanation for the tendency of the stems of certain plants to spiral toward heat and light, bending either clockwise or counterclockwise. Through experimentation he had discovered that a twining plant would not twine around an object larger than six inches in diameter. This characteristic Darwin interpreted as preventing a vine from climbing up a large tree where the shade from the upper branches would deprive it of sunlight. Still interested in the mechanism that enables some plants to climb and bend, Darwin continued experimenting and pinpointed some matter in the upper part which is acted upon by light, and which transmits its effects to the lower part. He reported these researches in The Power of Movement in Plants (1880).

A chance observation of flies caught on the leaf of the common sundew initiated Darwins investigation of carnivorous plants. He was especially impressed by the fact that the living cells of plants possess a similar capacity for irritability and response as the cells of animals. Darwin published these findings in Insectivorous Plants (1875). In his last botanical work, The Formation of Vegetable Mould, Through the Action of Worms, which appeared only six months before his death in 1881, he demonstrated the service that worms perform in digesting leaves and recirculating organic matter. It was a pioneering study in the field of quantitative ecology

In early 188 he had several minor heart attacks. His condition worsened and on April 1, 188, at 7 years of age, he died at Down House, after several hours of nausea, intense vomiting and retching, symptoms of a chronic illness that caused problems for him for the last 40 years of his life. At his bedside, and attending to his needs, were his wife Emma, his daughter Henrietta and his son Francis. Darwin, and his family, wished for his burial in Down, in the village where he had spent most of his adult life. He requested a simple burial in a plain, rough hewn, unadorned and unpolished coffin. But, his scientific colleagues convinced his family that he was due a greater honor, and it was the wish of Parliament that a person of his stature be given a state burial. Accordingly, on April 6, 18 Charles Darwin was laid to rest in Westminster Abbey in a fine polished coffin that one could see to shave in, only a few feet away from the grave of Sir Isaac Newton.

His pallbearers included Alfred Russell Wallace and the two scientists who were his closest friends and staunchest defenders Joseph Hooker and Thomas Huxley. The organist at Westminster Abbey wrote a special funeral anthem for the occasion, taking the text from Proverbs 1-17, which begins Blessed is the man who finds wisdom and who gains understanding. As oftentimes occurs among hypocritical humans, many who cursed Darwin in life and called for his scalp, were full of kind words at his funeral. For those who knew him as the kind and modest man he was, their praise came from the heart. In his eulogy during the funeral services Huxley said his was an intense and almost passionate honesty by which all his thoughts and actions were irradiated, as if by a central fire.

Emma Darwin, his loyal and devoted wife, moved to Cambridge but returned to Down House during the summers for 14 more years until her death in 186.

Both Darwin and his ideas were misunderstood by many during his lifetime and much misunderstanding and confusion continues to this day. Darwin did not propose that the evolution of any species, including our own, was the result of a random accident. Changes occurring from one generation to the next are cumulative, typically gradual, and influenced by natural processes that are selective but neither random or accidental. The evidence for evolution and a naturalistic origin of new species on this planet is overwhelming and scientifically convincing. Considering the scientific evidence for evolution by natural selection is one matter; whether one then draws their own conclusions about the existence or non-existence of a spiritual force in the cosmos is another matter entirely.

Please note that this sample paper on Wlad's Sample Essay is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Wlad's Sample Essay, we are here to assist you. Your papers on Wlad's Sample Essay will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!